Skip to content Price signals for eSAF are wide and confusing. This joint report from PwC and Power2X cuts through the noise, explaining production costs, what drives competitiveness and where price levels are actually emerging, so you can make decisions with confidence
New independent research by Ecorys sets out the economic and strategic case. Discover what the evidence shows.
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Where we stand on the policy choices that decide whether clean molecule projects actually get built.
The Netherlands is Northwest Europe’s energy hub. Keeping that position means backing both local production and imports of hydrogen, with the demand certainty and infrastructure financing that let projects reach investment decisions.
The Waterstofhandelsagenda makes three asks of government: create certainty over demand for hydrogen and its carriers through to 2040, support the scale-up of import infrastructure with public financing, and resolve the enabling conditions, from grid congestion and permitting to certification and public acceptance.
Power2X supports all three. Imports are not a substitute for local production; both are needed to give the market enough competitive supply to get moving. The decisive factor is policy stability: long-term, consistent signals that allow producers and buyers to take final investment decisions and sign long-term offtake contracts. Targets and mandates alone do not build a market; durable demand and financing do.
With fifteen other organizations across the European eSAF ecosystem, we have asked the European Commission to uphold the ReFuelEU Aviation mandates. The problem is not supply but regulatory certainty.
Airlines and fuel suppliers have called for the eSAF mandates to be delayed or weakened, arguing supply will not be there by 2030. We disagree: a significant number of eSAF projects across Europe are designed to deliver within the ReFuelEU timeframe. The issue is not supply but the conditions needed to unlock it. Any signal that the mandate could be weakened would hit financing, delay investment decisions and reduce the eSAF actually available in 2030: a self-fulfilling shortage. It would also leave Europe dependent on imported eSAF, undermining Europe’s energy sovereignty and reindustrialization. The right response is to enable deployment with the right instruments, such as double-sided auctions or contracts for difference, rather than weaken demand. Power2X and fifteen co-signatories have urged the Commission to hold the course.